Upgrading of AMTRAN on the datacraft DC 6024

A number of new software extensions and modifications to the AMTRAN system were completed. These modifications include input/output alterations, one-dimensional and two-dimensional array improvements, and disk storage of data enhancements. In order to promote a better understanding of the AMTRAN system software structure, a general description of the AMTRAN modules and their interrelationships was provided. A few sample statements have also been traced through the compilation and execution stages in order to illustrate the flow of system logic. In addition, the previous documentation was updated to reflect these modifications

A Study of the Effect of Blended Coarse Aggregate on Air Entrained Concrete

This research with combined coarse aggregates in cement concrete was initiated at the request of the Director of Design as a direct result of the condition study made by the Division of Design in 1945. In the report on this study it was shown that on the basis of averages pertaining to 80 projects with crashed limestone totalling about 395 miles in length, and 70 projects with Ohio River Gravel totalling approximately 410 miles in length, the service record for pavements with the river gravel was far inferior to that of pavements containing limestone coarse aggregate. Specifically, the summary of data showed that pavements with the gravel had an average of seven times as many outside corner breaks, more than eight times as many inside corner breaks, and almost eleven times as many blow-ups per mile as the pavements with crushed lime stone; furthermore, the average transverse crack and joint interval in the former was only about 0. 6 as long as that in the latter. Such rating was irrespective of age, design, subgrade conditions, separate sources of aggregates, and other factors which in the total analysis were considered individually but which could not be isolated as influences in combination with the coarse aggregates. Naturally, the effect of one or all of these factors could reduce the disparity in performance as related to aggregates alone, nevertheless, the contrast was so pronounced that some measures for obtaining parity of concrete with the different aggregates were considered desirable. As an absolute minimum, research to determine whether results of field observations would be reflected in laboratory tests was proposed. Accordingly, this project was established through an outline or working plan prepared on May 18, 1946. Two corrective measures, air entrainment and blending of aggregates, were the primary bases upon which the research was founded. Results from many investigations - later summarized in a comprehensive report - had indicated that air entrainment had been beneficial to concrete in almost every experiment, and that the greatest improvement in quality of concrete had occurred when the coarse aggregates were inherently of lowest quality. Similarly, blending of aggregates as a means for off-setting detrimental properties of one of the components had been used successfully in other states, an outstanding example of this being in Kansas where aggregates are quite variable and satisfactory sources are far from evenly distributed throughout the state. (A copy of the Supplemental Specification developed in Kansas is appended to this report.) Since air entrainment was due to become a. standard in concrete for pavements, interest was centered on the possible benefits or detriments of combined aggregates and the proportions in which they should be combined in order to provide the best concrete within practicable limits of economy on actual construction jobs

Triaxial Acceleration Analysis Applied to the Evaluation of Pavement Riding Qualities

Traditionally the riding qualities of a pavement are expressed as some function of localized irregularities in the contour of the pavement surface. This is predicated on the fact that the portion of passenger comfort or discomfort imparted by all features of the pavement surface can not be isolated and determined separately from other influences such as vehicle characteristics or psychological and physiological aspects of the passenger himself. Measurements of riding qualities have dealt almost exclusively with vehicle displacements in the vertical direction only, these having been and still being the most prominent and most amenable to measurement. By this procedure displacements in other directions have been ignored, although their relative influence on riding comfort as determined by comfort research is known to be great. During the past few years certain features of highway construction and use have emphasized surface irregularities that cause significant amounts of combined transverse and longitudinal motion. In response to this developing need for determination of riding qualities on the basis of component motions, an instrument for measuring and recording induced accelerations in the three principal directions was developed and adapted to a passenger vehicle. This paper describes the equipment and its use in evaluating riding qualities of various pavements in Kentucky

Study of the Effect of Blended Coarse Aggregate on Air Entrained Concrete

This research with combined coarse aggregates in cement concrete was initiated at the request of the Director of Design as a direct result of the condition study made by the Division of Design in 1945. In the report on this study it was shown that on the basis of averages pertaining to 80 projects with crushed limestone totalling about 395 miles in length, and 70 projects with Ohio River Gravel totalling approximately 410 miles in length, the service record for pavements with the river gravel was far inferior to that of pavements containing limestone coarse aggregate. Specifically, the summary of data showed that pavements with the gravel had an average of seven times as many outside corner breaks, more than eight times as many inside corner breaks, and almost elevent time sas many blow-ups per mile as the pavements with crushed limestone; furthermore, the average transverse crack and joint interval in the former was only about 0.6 as long as that in the latter

Gas adsorption/desorption in silica aerogels: a theoretical study of scattering properties

We present a numerical study of the structural correlations associated to gas adsorption/desorption in silica aerogels in order to provide a theoretical interpretation of scattering experiments. Following our earlier work, we use a coarse-grained lattice-gas description and determine the nonequilibrium behavior of the adsorbed gas within a local mean-field analysis. We focus on the differences between the adsorption and desorption mechanisms and their signature in the fluid-fluid and gel-fluid structure factors as a function of temperature. At low temperature, but still in the regime where the isotherms are continuous, we find that the adsorbed fluid density, during both filling and draining, is correlated over distances that may be much larger than the gel correlation length. In particular, extended fractal correlations may occur during desorption, indicating the existence of a ramified cluster of vapor filled cavities. This also induces an important increase of the scattering intensity at small wave vectors. The similarity and differences with the scattering of fluids in other porous solids such as Vycor are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figure

An Indirect-Effects Model of Mediated Adjudication: The CSI Myth, the Tech Effect, and Metropolitan Jurors\u27 Expectations for Scientific Evidence

Part I of this article defines the CSI effect, a phrase has come to have many different meanings ascribed to it. It emphasizes the epistemological importance of first describing the effect of the CSI effect as observed in juror behavior documented in a new study conducted in Wayne County (Detroit), Michigan, and then looking at causative factors that may be related to an explanation of those observed effects. Part II describes the methodology of the Wayne County study, provides a descriptive analysis of Wayne County jurors, and compares the jurors demographically to the Washtenaw County jurors who were surveyed in 2006. Part III analyzes the Wayne County study results with respect to jurors\u27 expectations and demands for scientific evidence. The Wayne County study findings reinforce the earlier Washtenaw findings of heightened juror expectations and demands for scientific evidence in almost every respect. This most recent analysis reinforces conclusions from the earlier study that there is no such causative relationship between watching CSI and heightened juror expectations and demands. Part IV explores the nature of the tech effect as one causative factor for those heightened juror expectations and demands as an alternative to the CSI effect. The results of regression analyses of new data provide some support for the 2006 study\u27s suggestion of a tech effect --that the broader changes in popular culture brought about by rapid scientific and technological advances and widespread dissemination of information about them is a more likely explanation for increased juror expectations and demand for scientific evidence. Part V provides an overview of contemporary perspectives of mass-mediated effects on public attitudes, behaviors, and expectations as a prelude to a suggested Indirect-Effects Model of Mediated Adjudication. The authors propose an indirect-effects model of juror influences that triangulates the potential interactive effects of a CSI effect myth with the likelihood of a tech effect in the context of the mass mediated effects of law and order or crime and justice news media

Long Range Correlation in Granular Shear Flow II: Theoretical Implications

Numerical simulations are used to test the kinetic theory constitutive relations of inertial granular shear flow. These predictions are shown to be accurate in the dilute regime, where only binary collisions are relevant, but underestimate the measured value in the dense regime, where force networks of size $\xi$ are present. The discrepancy in the dense regime is due to non-collisional forces that we measure directly in our simulations and arise from elastic deformations of the force networks. We model the non-collisional stress by summing over all paths that elastic waves travel through force networks. This results in an analytical theory that successfully predicts the stress tensor over the entire inertial regime without any adjustable parameters

Helium condensation in aerogel: avalanches and disorder-induced phase transition

We present a detailed numerical study of the elementary condensation events (avalanches) associated to the adsorption of $^4$He in silica aerogels. We use a coarse-grained lattice-gas description and determine the nonequilibrium behavior of the adsorbed gas within a local mean-field analysis, neglecting thermal fluctuations and activated processes. We investigate the statistical properties of the avalanches, such as their number, size and shape along the adsorption isotherms as a function of gel porosity, temperature, and chemical potential. Our calculations predict the existence of a line of critical points in the temperature-porosity diagram where the avalanche size distribution displays a power-law behavior and the adsorption isotherms have a universal scaling form. The estimated critical exponents seem compatible with those of the field-driven Random Field Ising Model at zero temperature.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figure